It should be noted that the assessment was conducted during the global COVID-19 pandemic. This worldwide event likely impacted many of the metrics included in this assessment.
Organizations
Fixed broadband is delivered to a user via several technology platforms including cable, digital subscriber line (DSL) over phone lines, fiber optics, and fixed wireless. Fixed broadband is designed for stationary use at a fixed location such as a home, business, or institution. From one location, however, fixed broadband service is often broadcast as a Wi-Fi network to connect nearby devices.
The following map shows where broadband is available in the community.
Description
Broadband, or high-speed internet, is essential in today’s world. Improving access to high-speed internet in Hardeman County will increase opportunities and improve outcomes in economic development, education, health care, agriculture, public safety, government, and public access to information and services.
According to CN Texas January 2022 data, 99% of Hardeman County households have access to internet speeds at the FCC’s minimum definition of broadband, 25 Mbps download and 3 Mbps upload. But only 58.85% of households have access to internet service at speeds needed to run many modern applications (100 Mbps downstream and 10 Mbps upstream). Although, 25/3 is well covered, there is a significant drop off in availability between 50/5 and 100/10. CN data show there are 17 households in Hardeman County that do not have internet that meets the FCC’s minimum speed. At 50 Mbps download/5 Mbps upload, there are 36 Hardeman County households unserved. But when we look at the availability of 100 Mbps download and 10 Mbps upload, the number of unserved households jumps to 706.
This is true even in the center of town, showing that the issue is not population density or lack of infrastructure, but one of providers needing to expand or upgrade their existing networks. There are five internet service providers (ISPs) serving Hardeman County, but only two offer speeds higher than 50 Mbps/5 Mbps. To resolve this, existing providers who offer lower speeds could upgrade their technology to increase speeds; existing providers with higher speeds could expand to cover more territory; or the community could solicit new ISPs who are willing to invest in faster technology, covering a larger area. Regardless, the community needs to take an active role to improve connectivity for Hardeman County residents.
Objective
Improve internet speeds in Hardeman County by increasing community engagement and working with ISPs to address gaps.
Actions
Action 1 – Continue community efforts to improve broadband connectivity by maintaining a community broadband team as an advisory committee to the Commissioners Court. During our CN community engagement, we gathered representatives from multiple sectors of the community to serve as advocates for improving connectivity. There is a lot going on in broadband right now. Having a dedicated group of citizens to stay on top of broadband news, policy updates, and funding opportunities is key for Hardeman County to stay informed.
Broadband Committee advisory members should include representatives from a wide variety of community stakeholders, such as:
- Health Care: Local physicians or hospital staff
- Government: County Judge, County Commissioners, Mayor, City Council, County IT Director
- Education (K-12): Superintendents, school IT directors
- Education (Higher Education): Universities, community colleges, trade schools or workforce training
- Public Safety: Sheriff’s Office, Police Department, Fire and Rescue and surrounding Volunteer Fire Departments, Emergency Medical Services
- Agriculture: County Agriculture Agent, leading agricultural producers
- Business: Chamber of Commerce, economic development agency
- Community At-Large: A resident who is interested in broadband
Responsible Parties:
- Community and business leaders
- County Judge
- County Commissioners
- Current Community Broadband Team:
- Judge Ronnie Ingram, Hardeman County Judge
- Becky Barker, Executive Director 3 Rivers Foundation
- Dennis Thomas, CEO Hardeman County Memorial Hospital
- Justin Gilliam, Hardeman County Ag Extension Agent
- Kathy Butler, Mayor of Quanah, TX
- Patrick Laughery, Hardeman County Sheriff
- Shane Lance, Library Board President, Mayor Pro Tem, Quanah Tribune-Chief
Timeline:
Hardeman County should transition its Community Broadband Team to a County Broadband Advisory Committee immediately.
Action 2 – Build relationships with area ISPs. The County Broadband Advisory Committee should host meetings with ISPs working in the area, especially with providers who have received federal funding for deployment in Hardeman County, to identify any obstacles or challenges to expanded deployment in the region and to help area providers better understand community goals and concerns.
Regular check-ins with providers will also keep community informed of provider’s construction and expansion progress or changes in plans. The Broadband Committee should have specific concerns or geographical locations in mind to discuss during these meetings. A good starting point would be to check the status of construction plans related to federal funds to ensure that the promised Connect America Fund (CAF) Phase II, and Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) expansion plans are going forward.
The CAF winner for Hardeman County is AMG Technology Investment Group LLC (doing business as Nextlink), receiving $990,269.50 in federal dollars with plans to serve 252 locations. The Hardeman County RDOF winner is Resound Networks LLC (doing business as Resound Networks), which is receiving $603,189, with plans to serve 1,523 locations. The committee should have a clear understanding of where broadband build-out is planned, when completion is expected, what technology and speeds will be available, and what areas will be left out, so that it can focus efforts and maintain momentum.
Additional providers serving Hardeman County are: AT&T Southwest (www.att.com), Santa Rosa Telephone Cooperative Inc. ( https://srcaccess.net), Suddenlink Communications (www.suddenlink.com), TGM Pinnacle Network Solutions (www.pinnaclenetworksolutions.com), and T-Mobile USA Inc. (www.twncomm.com).
Maintaining good relations with area internet service providers is essential to understanding obstacles and opportunities and to address broadband deployment shortcomings. This understanding can encourage creative problem solving, which can lead to finding solutions through public-private partnerships.
Public-private partnerships are arrangements between public entities, such as local governments, and private entities, such as service providers, to achieve a common goal. They are often, but not always, funding arrangements.
Action 3 – Deploy a request for quotes (RFQ) for an asset inventory and field validation audit. An asset inventory would map the County’s assorted assets that could be utilized by ISPs working in the area to offset deployment costs.
Assets could include:
- Anchor tenants
- Antennas
- Building rooftops
- Light poles
- Towers the cities or counties may own
FCC data tend to be overstated. A field validation will verify where installations actually exist. A field validation would entail locating, identifying, and documenting targeted wireline platforms, such as digital subscriber lines (DSL), hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC), fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), middle-mile fiber optic transport lines, and fixed wireless transmit locations, then mapping infrastructure assets and provider service boundaries. Such work would allow the community to accurately assess and map known broadband speeds and delivery platforms to verify the existing FCC data and to identify areas of need. Field validations are helpful in cases where FCC data for the county is likely overstated and/or to identify areas of need or opportunity.
Action 4 – The County Broadband Advisory Committee should stay abreast of policy and funding news and explore funding opportunities to assist in broadband deployment. An unprecedented amount of funds will soon be available to improve broadband access, adoption, and usage. The Hardeman County Broadband Committee should stay abreast of policy updates and funding opportunities. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 allocated $65 billion to states for internet expansion. Much of Texas’ minimum $100 million will be going through grant programs created by the Texas Broadband Development Office (BDO). The BDO is currently gathering data to create a Texas Broadband Plan, an important first step to ensure the state gets the most infrastructure funds. The BDO will be responsible for coordinating data collection and defining eligibility of grants. At the time of the writing of this report, it is unclear when much of these funds will be available.
In the meantime, there are funds that are available for broadband right now. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 created the Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund which allocated funds to every county in the state of Texas to mitigate the economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic. Hardeman County received $763,939. Allowable uses of these funds are water, sewer, and broadband infrastructure improvements. The Final Rule, released by the U.S. Treasury Department in January 2022, gives even more leeway to communities to use their funds for broadband if a need is established. More information can be found here: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/SLFRF-Final-Rule.pdf and in the resources section of this report. Allowable uses of ARPA funds for broadband include infrastructure, public Wi-Fi, and devices.
A list of current broadband funding can be found on the Connected Nation website: https://connectednation.org/current-broadband-funding.
Action 5 – Pursue regional networking opportunities with adjacent communities that are also exploring broadband solutions. Neighboring Childress and Foard counties are undergoing broadband assessments and community engagements at the same time as Hardeman County. The Hardeman County Broadband Committee should reach out to their counterparts in the surrounding counties to build relationships, compare notes, and share resources. In total, 24 counties in the region will be building broadband committees and assessing broadband needs with the Connected Nation Community Engagement Program. This is an excellent opportunity for community leaders to come together to improve broadband regionally. Your Broadband Solutions Manager (BSM) can help with making contacts. Committee members should also plan to attend Connected Nation networking events.
Responsible Parties:
- County Judge
- County Commissioners
- Community Broadband Advisory Committee
- Area internet service providers
Timeline:
The County Broadband Advisory Committee should begin meeting, analyzing CN data, and looking for networking opportunities immediately. The committee should schedule meetings with ISPs within the next three months and consider an asset inventory and field validation study within the next six months. Your Broadband Solutions Manager can assist you with scheduling initial meetings with ISPs working in your area.
Resources:
Broadband Funding Resources
- CAF Phase II — The Connect America Fund (CAF) Phase II is a federal funding program for service providers that auctioned off census blocks for internet deployment in 2018. 103 bidders won $1.49 billion over 10 years to provide fixed broadband and voice services to over 700,000 locations in 45 states. To be eligible, a census block could not have been already served with voice and broadband of at least 10/1 Mbps.
Winning providers have six years to fulfill deployment:
- 40% of the required number of locations in a state by the end of third year of support
- An additional 20% in each subsequent year
- 100% by the end of the sixth year of support
- The exact deployment schedule is determined by the carriers themselves, not the FCC (Source: https://www.fcc.gov/auction/903)
Hardeman CAF Winner: AMG Technology Investment Group LLC (Nextlink), 95 Parker Oaks Lane, Hudson Oaks, Texas 76087, Tel. 855-NXT-LINK (698-5465) https://nextlinkinternet.com/
- RDOF Phase I — The Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) Phase I is a federal funding program for service providers that auctioned off census blocks for internet deployment in 2020. 180 bidders won $9.2 billion over 10 years to provide broadband to 5.2 million locations in 49 states and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. To be eligible, a census block could not have had service of at least 25/3 Mbps (based on Form 477 data), or have a provider already committed to providing service via the CAF II auction, the USDA ReConnect program, or state-specific programs.
Winning providers have eight years to fulfill deployment:
- 40% of the required number of locations in a state by the end of third year of support and an additional 20% by the end of the fourth and fifth years of support
- By the end of year six, revised location totals will be announced
- If there are fewer locations than originally estimated by the cost model, support recipients must serve the revised number of locations by end of year six
- If there are more locations than originally estimated by the cost model, support recipients must serve the cost model-estimated number of locations by the end of year six and must serve the remainder of locations by the end of year eight
- All support recipients must serve locations newly built after the revised location total but before the end of year eight upon reasonable request
- The exact deployment schedule is determined by the carriers themselves, not the FCC (Source: https://www.fcc.gov/auction/904)
Hardeman RDOF Winner: Resound Networks, LLC, 100 N. Cuyler St, Pampa, Texas 79065, Tel. 1-800-806-1719, info@resoundnetworks.com, https://resoundnetworks.com/
- American Rescue Plan, Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds, County Allocation https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/fiscalrecoveryfunds_countyfunding_2021.05.10-1a-508A.pdf
- American Rescue Plan, Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds
- Current Broadband Funding https://connectednation.org/current-broadband-funding
- BroadbandUSA: Federal Funding Guide https://broadbandusa.ntia.doc.gov/resources/federal
- Guide to Federal Broadband Funding Opportunities in the U.S. https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/doc/2021/guide-to-broadband-funding-opportunities-in-us/
Internet Service Provider Resources
- Texas Broadband Providers by County https://connectednation.org/texas/planning/
Broadband Readiness Resources
- Smart Cities Readiness Guide https://rg.smartcitiescouncil.com/
- Becoming Broadband Ready TOOLKIT https://nextcenturycities.org/broadband-toolkit/
- Municipal Boards: Best Practices for Adoption Technology https://insights.diligent.com/boardroom-technology-local-government/municipal-boards-best-practices-for-adopting-technology
Description
Internet affordability and access to devices are chief concerns for Hardeman County residents. Among households without a home internet connection, 15.4% said it was not available at their address, 15.4% said they do not own a computer, and 38.5% said they did not have broadband because it was too expensive. Hardeman County should improve access to devices and internet serve, as well as the affordability of internet subscriptions, to improve access to broadband for Hardeman County’s low-income residents.
Libraries are a great place to start. Libraries are community hubs that are sources of information, education, and community engagement. They are also one of a community’s main resources for technology services. Computers are as important as books in a library because they provide direct access to knowledge. Libraries, like schools, need to have the fastest speeds available in the community because they are where those without internet at home go to get online and apply for jobs, where students come to study, and where many people are online at the same time.
Objective
Utilize the Thompson Sawyer Public Library to combat barriers to internet access and affordability for Hardeman County residents.
Actions
Action 1 – Increase funding for Thompson Sawyer Public Library to expand programs and services. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has special funding for schools and libraries to help pay for internet costs called E-rate. In Texas, most accredited public libraries are eligible for an 80% discount, with over a quarter eligible for a 90% discount on internet costs.
Currently, the library is not accredited or eligible for E-rate. Therefore, it should assess E-rate opportunities and prioritize accreditation to maximize the funds that are available to support internet services and/or explore what opportunities might exist to bring greater services to the library through the E-rate program.
American Rescue Plan (ARPA) Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds were allocated to each county and can be used for water, sewer, and broadband infrastructure. Allowable uses include broadband infrastructure, public Wi-Fi infrastructure, and the purchase of devices (see the Resources section of this report and the Treasury Final Rule for more information).
Additional support should be sought from Hardeman County, the City of Quanah, additional grant sources, and the community at large, as library services are important community resources that are available to all residents. Accessing additional resources to make the public library a community technology hub would be of great benefit to the residents of Hardeman County.
Responsible Parties:
- Libraries and library boards
- Schools
- Broadband providers
- Local and county governments
Resources:
- Texas State Library and Archives Commission – E-rate overview: https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ld/tech/erate
- E-rate resources page: https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ld/tech/erate-resources
Benefits:
Most libraries experience service degradation during peak use times, sometimes dramatically. Increased bandwidth will help to maintain service quality for patrons that may use the library as their only source of broadband access.
Action 2 – The Community Broadband Committee should share information about assistance programs to purchase devices or publicize locations where low-cost or refurbished computers are available for purchase to combat obstacles to internet access for low-income residents. Among Hardeman County households without a home internet connection, 15.4% said they do not own a computer. The Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) provides up to $100 for the purchase of a device to access the internet to qualifying households. Households qualify based on income or participation in other federal or tribal assistance programs. To receive the connected device discount, consumers must enroll in the ACP with a participating provider that offers connected devices (check here for participating providers https://acpbenefit.org/companies-near-me/). More information can be found at https://www.fcc.gov/broadbandbenefit and https://acpbenefit.org/.
Another option is buying used or refurbished devices. National nonprofit Goodwill Industries has partnered with Dell Computers to offer computer recycling — of any brand and in any condition — at over 2,000 Goodwill locations throughout the United States. Where possible, Goodwill refurbishes the computers for resale to the public at discounted rates while using the computer refurbishing as job skills training in its job training centers. Goodwill locations near Hardeman County include Vernon, Texas, and Altus, Okla. More information can be found here: https://www.goodwillcentraltexas.org/about-us/dell-reconnect. In addition, low-cost computer devices can often be found at resale shops, pawn shops, or thrift stores. The community could partner with a resale store to help publicize the availability of low-cost devices.
Action 3 – The Broadband Committee should share information with the community about all available affordability programs and low-cost internet packages to combat obstacles to internet affordability for low-income residents.
Programs are available to assist low-income residents with the cost of internet. There are two main federal programs, and ISPs often offer their own programs as well:
Lifeline is a federal program administered through the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Universal Service Administrative Co. that lowers the monthly cost of phone or internet services for eligible consumers. Consumers can get up to $9.25 off the cost of phone, internet, or bundled services each month. Households qualify based on income or participation in federal or tribal assistance programs. More information can be found at https://www.texaslifeline.org/.
The Emergency Broadband Benefit Program (EBB) was created during the COVID-19 pandemic to help families and households that were struggling to afford internet service. On December 31, 2021, it was replaced by the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP), which provides a $30 a month credit toward internet coverage ($75 a month for qualifying residents on tribal lands) and up to $100 for the purchase of a device. Households qualify based on income or participation in federal or tribal assistance programs. To receive the connected device discount, consumers must enroll in the ACP with a participating provider that offers connected devices (check here for participating providers https://www.fcc.gov/emergency-broadband-benefit-providers). The internet company provides the discount. More information can be found at https://www.fcc.gov/broadbandbenefit and https://acpbenefit.org/.
Internet service providers often have low-cost options or offer subsidized programs with internet at a greatly reduced cost. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 also required ISPs that receive federal grant money to offer low-cost service to eligible low-income households.
Free or low-cost internet programs available in Hardeman County by internet service providers are:
- AT&T: Access from AT&T and ACP; more information is available at https://www.att.com/internet/access/
- Suddenlink Communications: ACP; more information can be found here: https://www.suddenlink.com/affordable-connectivity-program
- T-Mobile USA Inc.: ACP; more information at: https://www.t-mobile.com/customers/emergency-broadband-benefit
The Hardeman County Broadband Advisory Committee should share this information with the community on public websites, in advertising, on community billboards, on social media, as handouts in utility bills, through direct mail or notices from schools to parents, or by any other creative means to get the word out to those most in need.
Action 4 – Encourage area service providers to participate in ACP and/or offer other low-cost options. For residents to benefit from the federal Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP), providers need to sign up, and not all providers do. If providers in your area do not participate, the Hardeman County Broadband Advisory Committee should find out why, explain to them the need in the area, and ask ISPs to either participate in the ACP or to offer other options for low-cost residents. Find out which providers participate in the ACP here: https://acpbenefit.org/companies-near-me/.
Action 5 – Thompson Sawyer Public Library should increase its number of public computers and publicize their availability. Thompson Sawyer Public Library has three computers available for public use. Survey results indicate that 8.6% of households use their smartphone as their only way to go online, and 15.4% of respondents who have no home internet access do not subscribe because they have no computer.
The library offers vital services for residents, including public Wi-Fi and public computers. The library has a website and a social media presence, yet 56.7% of survey respondents said that they never interact online with the library. This shows an opportunity to increase the visibility of library services and offerings. This can be achieved by updating and expanding the library’s website and social media presence and advertising its offerings throughout the community to make sure those who need the services most are aware of them.
Responsible Parties:
- Hardeman Broadband Advisory Committee
- Area internet service providers
Resources:
- Lifeline: https://www.texaslifeline.org/
- Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP): https://acpbenefit.org/
- ACP participating providers: https://acpbenefit.org/companies-near-me/
Description
Only 50% of Hardeman County businesses that participated in our survey indicated they have a website, and the majority of survey participants were infrequent users of digital communication tools and social media. However, 62.2% of Hardeman County households that answered our survey indicated that they interacted with non-local businesses online at least once a week, and 55.7% interacted with local businesses daily or at least weekly. This is a missed opportunity for Hardeman County businesses that are not active online.
Objective
Improve digital literacy for Hardeman County businesses.
Actions
Action 1 – Thompson Sawyer Public Library, or another community entity, should offer digital skills training courses to businesses. Classes in social media, web design, and online marketing should be offered to area businesses. As noted above, most survey respondents indicate that they interact online with local and non-local businesses daily or once a week, yet only 50% of local businesses surveyed indicated that they have a website. This is a great opportunity to help local businesses tap into the income potential of an online presence. The library can partner with the Chamber of Commerce or other business organizations for assistance and to encourage greater participation from area businesses. The courses can be tailored to the business community’s interests.
Action 2 – Promote digital awareness and value to businesses. A 2018 study commissioned by Google, “Connecting Small Businesses in the U.S.,” found the main reason that businesses weren’t engaging online was not lack of access, but lack of understanding the value of it. According to the study, “Amongst the least digitally engaged small businesses, 40% believe that digital tools are ‘not relevant for my business’ and 38% said that ‘they are not effective for my business.’ This indicates that less digitally engaged businesses may be unaware of the benefits associated with digital tools.” To boost local business in Hardeman County, the Broadband Committee should encourage local business owners to become more digitally literate and comfortable online.
Responsible Parties:
- Chamber of Commerce/economic development organizations
- Libraries
- Community college
- Broadband providers
- IT/technology organizations
Resources:
- Digital Learn – Free courses to learn anything about computers: https://www.digitallearn.org/
- Digital Literacy Curriculum for K-12: https://www.learning.com/easytech
- Free Applied Digital Skills – Google for Education: https://applieddigitalskills.withgoogle.com/
- Live, Virtual Classes for Seniors: https://seniorplanet.org/classes/
Benefits:
- Provides entrepreneurial support
- Eliminates knowledge gap
- Promotes business growth and workforce development
- Lowers startup costs
- Assists in accelerating business development
Timeline:
Digital skills training courses should be offered within three months.
Description
Community feedback in Hardeman County related that internet service outages lasting many hours were common and affected large segments of the population, including 911 systems, public safety, banks, and local businesses’ ability to function. Much of this is related to cuts to critical infrastructure, often due to construction or other disruptions along critical fiber lines.
This is a regional problem that affects multiple counties. A lasting solution would involve infrastructure investment to make networks less vulnerable and more redundant. Meanwhile, knowledge and resources exist to better understand the situation. Stakeholders could benefit from information sharing with their counterparts in other counties who are dealing with the same situation and may have insights. Hardeman County should strive to better understand how construction affects outages along service routes, how non-redundant systems affect service reliability, and what can be done to mitigate the effects while pursuing larger infrastructure improvements to resolve it.
Objective
Understand infrastructure vulnerabilities to identify solutions.
Actions
Action 1 – Concerned stakeholders and critical facilities should assess their own infrastructure needs and vulnerabilities, strive to better understand critical networks, and open communication with service providers to pursue options for greater redundancy. Due to chronic service outages, essential networks should strive to be redundant. Based on the well-known and documented accounts of cuts to critical backhaul infrastructure, typically due to construction, it is essential that any vital services, public safety, health care, etc. explore additional backup services that could/would serve as cutover services when primary services experience outages. This is not simply service from a secondary provider, but service from a provider that offers an entirely different physical path. This will help restore critical services in less than an hour during primary service outages. Any entity that deems connectivity vital and mission-critical to the continuity of their services or business should consider their options and develop a plan that will allow for the mitigation of service disruptions. For example, when internet service is down, 911 service is also down. To help mitigate service disruptions for 911, the regional planning commission’s 911 Emergency Communications Department recommends having a backup, 10-digit 911 roll-over number that does not use the same network as the main line to allow calls to stay in the county during outages.
Timeline:
The Broadband Advisory Committee should immediately begin research to better understand the causes of chronic service outages and explore options to resolve them. The committee should plan to meet with area service providers within three months.
Resources:
- Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), resource list https://www.cisa.gov/emergency-communications
- 10 Keys to Public Safety Network Resiliency https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/07202017_10_Keys_to_Public_Safety_Network_Resiliency_010418_FINAL508C.pdf
- ESInets Help Public Safety Agencies Move to Next generation 911 (NG911), IP-based Emergency Services IP Networks enable next-generation 911 services to flourish https://statetechmagazine.com/article/2019/09/esinets-help-public-safety-agencies-move-ng911-perfcon
- NORTEX Regional Planning Commission, 911 Emergency Communications Department https://nortexrpc.org/emergency-communications
Objective
Ensure that Hardeman County utilizes all available resources to improve quality of life and economic outcomes through technology.
Actions
Action 1 – Pursue grants that advance local community development using broadband technologies (e.g., workforce development, telehealth, digital literacy, etc.). In conjunction with the countywide Connected Engagement, Hardeman County has been allocated funding to pursue applicable grant applications. For specifics, contact your Connected Nation Broadband Solutions Manager.