How hacker intentions have changed over the history of technology

Alpine, Texas (July 24, 2024) - Cybercrime has increased significantly in recent years, compared with 50 years ago when computers first became widely available. The motives driving these cybercriminals have also evolved over the years.

Initially, hackers were seen as computer-savvy enthusiasts aiming to make improvements and customizations to emerging technologies. However, this perception has shifted dramatically, and today, many hackers are driven by unethical motives, primarily seeking financial gain by stealing sensitive information and extorting payments.

Let’s explore how these motives have changed over time.

The era of curiosity and exploration (1970s-80s)

In the 1970s, computers started becoming more accessible to the public, and hackers’ primary motives were curiosity and the desire for exploration. Early hackers, often computer enthusiasts and students, were fascinated by the potential of new technologies.

They sought to understand and manipulate systems — not out of malice, but out of a genuine desire to learn, innovate, and share their discoveries with others. This period of innocent exploration, however, began to wane after the 1980s.

The rise of ‘hacktivism’ (1990s)

The 1990s witnessed the rise of “hacktivism,” where hackers began using their skills for political and social causes. This era was marked by the use of hacking to promote free speech, protest government actions, and advocate for various social issues.

Groups like Anonymous and individuals, including Julian Assange, became prominent figures in this movement, using hacking to promote the free flow of information and oppose censorship.

The emergence of cybercrime (late 1990s-2000s)

With the commercialization of the internet and its growing importance to the global economy, hacking motives began to shift toward financial gain. The late 1990s and 2000s saw the rise of cybercrime, with hackers exploiting vulnerabilities for monetary profit.

This era introduced us to phishing, malware, and various forms of online fraud, with hackers stealing money, credit card information, and valuable data. Identity theft and ransomware became common methods to demand payments.

The professionalization of hacking (2010s-present)

In recent years, hacking has become more professionalized and organized. The focus has remained on monetary gain but has expanded to include more sophisticated plans.

Government-sponsored hacking has emerged as a significant threat, with nation-states, like Russia, employing hackers to steal sensitive information for national security purposes, disrupt critical infrastructure and services, and gain strategic advantages over other nations or organizations.

Additionally, organized cybercrime groups now operate like businesses, with specialized roles and advanced strategies.

The future of hacking motives

As technology continues to advance, the motives behind hacking will likely keep evolving. With developments in artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies, new forms of hacking and cyber threats are sure to emerge.

As society becomes more interconnected and reliant on digital systems, the stakes will continue to rise. We may see an increase in cyber warfare, as hinted at in recent media such as the movie, "Leave the World Behind," where hackers could control or disrupt emerging technologies.

The future of hacking motives remains uncertain, but vigilance is crucial.

Why it matters

The motives behind hacking have come a long way from the days of innocent curiosity and exploration. As technology and society have evolved, so too have the reasons why individuals and groups engage in hacking.

Understanding these motives is crucial for developing effective cybersecurity strategies and addressing the complex challenges of the digital age.

About the Author: Alek Argueta is a Connected Nation Digital Inclusion Trainer. Alek is responsible for teaching, developing, enhancing, and sustaining the digital skills of individuals who require them to make good use of high-speed internet to prepare for jobs that demand higher skill sets. Alek provides effective coaching, mentoring, and training through virtual and in-person sessions in both English and Spanish. Alek assists in coordinating, planning, creating custom training materials, and promotes awareness for Connected Nation's digital inclusion activities.